Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius I the Great, culminating in Xerxes' expedition to Greece (480 BCE), which met with disaster…
Hydraotes (Old Indian Iravati, modern Ravi): river in the Punjab, where Alexander the Great attacked a group of refugees.The river Ravi, the ancient Hydraotes or Iravati, south of modern Kamalia. This part of the Punjab belonged to the Mallians (Malava),…
Hyrcana (Old Persian Varkâna, "country of wolves"; Akkadian Urqananu): part of the ancient Achaemenid empire, on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, now called Gorgan.
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Illyrians (Greek Ἰλλυρίοι): the name the ancient Greeks and Romans gave to the various tribes and states in the general area of Albania and former Yugoslavia.Name
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Isturgi: ancient town on the river Guadalquivir, modern Andújar.
The Isturgi bridge
The ancient town of Isturgi - sometimes erroneously identified with…
Judaea: small province of the Roman empire, more or less equivalent to modern Israel and the Palestinian territories. This part of the Roman empire is exceptionally well-known because we have sources written by the native population.Annexation
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Kassites (Akkadian Kaššu): tribal federation living in the Zagros mountains, in modern Luristan. In the seventeenth century BCE, they threatened Babylonia, which they captured in the fifteenth century. More than a millennium later, they are mentioned - now called Cossaeans…