Antipyrgon or Antipyrgos (Greek ᾽Αντίπυργον or ᾽Αντίπυργος, "fortress"): Byzantine fort in the Cyrenaica, modern Tobruk.
Tobruk, view
In the fifth century CE, new…
Arachosia (Old-Persian: Harauvatiš, "well watered"): satrapy of the Achaemenid empire (Kandahâr in modern Afghanistan) along the Tarnak river. The country is part of the road from the west of Iran across the mountains to the Indus valley.
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Arians or Areians (Old-Persian Haraiva): ancient tribe, living in western Afghanistan. Their name means "noblemen".
Map of Hyrcania/Parthia/Aria
In historical times, the…
When Alexander returned from India, the greater part of his army was shipped to Babylonia by Nearchus, a youth friend of Alexander who served as his fleet commander. After Alexander's death, Nearchus wrote a book on his adventures, the Indikê.…
Arrian (c.87 - after 145): Greek historian and senator of the Roman empire, author of several historical studies. His best-known work is the Anabasis, which deals with Alexander the Great. Arrian is the author of various other philosophical and historical…
Assyria (mât Aššur): ancient name for the northeastern part of modern Iraq, situated on the east bank of the Tigris. It is also the name of one of the greatest empires of Antiquity. Assyria was overthrown in 612 BCE by…
Babylonia is the Greek name of what the inhabitants knew as Mât Akkadî, the fertile alluvial plain between the Euphrates and Tigris. This was the heartland of the Babylonian Empire, which dominated the ancient Near East between the fall of…