Battle of Mantinea (418 BCE): important battle, in which Sparta restored its reputation as superpower, by defeating a coalition of Argos, Mantinea, and Elis, supported by Athens.
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Fall of Amphipolis (424/423): one of the most important operations during the Archidamian War (431-421 BCE). It put an end to a series of Athenian successes and made the Athenians more willing to contemplate an armistice. The Spartan and Athenian…
The Peloponnesian War started with a covert operation. It was important for Thebes to capture Plataea, because it controlled the roads to the Theban allies on the Peloponnese (Corinth and Sparta), and it is not surprising that the Thebans wanted…
The territories of the Spartan alliance reached as far north as Megara, which served as a base to move to Athens. More to the north, beyond the Cithaeron mountains, was Plataea, situated halfway between Megara and Thebes, another ally of…
Aigospotamoi: the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (431-404). In September 405, the Athenians were decisively defeated by the Spartans and lost their navy. As a result, the siege and fall of Athens became inevitable.
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Xenophon (c.430-c.354): Athenian soldier and historian, author of the Anabasis and Hellenica. He is one of the best-known and most widely read of all Greek authors.In 405, the Spartan admiral Lysander defeated the Athenians at Aigospotamoi. This meant the end…