The Gymnasium Inscription is in fact not an inscription written on a stone, but a clay tablet written in Greek that is now in the Louvre, Paris. It gives a list of winners at an athletic contest and shows that…
The Theater Inscription is a brief, Greek inscription from Babylon that records the repair of the theater.The Theater Inscription from Babylon records the repair of the theater, which had been built by Alexander the Great. The most remarkable aspect is…
In 326, Alexander invaded Gandara, where he discovered, near the river Kunar, a town called Nysa that was dedicated to the god of excess, Dionysus.note[There is more on this subject here; perhaps, this Dionysus was the Indian god Shiva, the…
The Scepsis Inscription: text of a letter in which Antigonus Monophthalmus explains his policy.Between 314 and 311, Antigonus Monophthalmus, the strongest of the generals who were contending for the inheritance of Alexander the Great, fought the Third Diadoch War against…
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, his brother Arridaeus and his posthumous son Alexander were made kings; but because Philip was considered mentally deficient and Alexander was still a baby, Perdiccas was made their regent. The…
Temple Inscription: brief inscription from the Temple of Jerusalem, now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum.King Herod the Great rebuilt the Jerusalem temple. It consisted of the sacred building itself, situated on a court ("Court of the Women") that was surrounded…
The treaties between Persia and Sparta: series of three treaties between Sparta and the Achaemenid Empire, concluded in 412 and 411. Sparta needed Persian support in the Decelean War but had little to offer, received nothing, and lost its reputation…
Troezen Decree: the higly controversial text of a decision by the Athenian popular assembly to evacuate Athens in 480 BCE. In its present form, the text cannot be authentic.
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The main result of the Peloponnesian War was that the Persian Empire improved its position in Asia Minor. Several Greek cities that had for half a century been protected by the Delian League, became dependent upon the Great King. No…