Sardes or Sardis (Greek Σάρδεις): capital of Lydia, one of the most important sites in western Turkey, one of the "seven churches" of the Revelation of John, modern Sartmustapha.Gymnasium
There are 8 items in Sardes -…
Sardurihinilli: Urartian hillfort, south of Van, modern Çavuştepe.
Çavustepe
History
Built by Kings Sardure II of Urartu (r.763-734 BCE); like most Urartian forts, it…
The Sasanians were the last native dynasty to rule Persia before the Arab conquest. Their reign lasted from 224 to 651. On this page, you will find links to their famous rock reliefs, which are beautiful and dynamic, yes almost expressionist works…
Satraps (Old Persian khšaçapâvâ): the governors of the satrapies (provinces) of the ancient Achaemenid Empire.
A satrap receiving an embassy
The title…
Sattagydia (Old Persian Thataguš, country of the "hundred cows"): satrapy of the ancient Achaemenid empire, perhaps the mountains between Iran and Pakistan.
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"Scythians" (Greek Σκύθαι) and "Sacae" (Old Persian Sakâ): two renderings of Skudat ("archers"?), the name of the nomads of the Central Asian plains.
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Beth Shean (Hebrew בֵּית שְׁאָן): Bronze Age, Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine city in Galilee. In Greek, it was called Scythopolis (Σκυθόπολις).Bronze Age
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Sea People: name of several groups of marauders, mentioned in several Egyptian sources as enemies of king Merenptah (r.1213-1203 BCE) and king Ramesses III (r.1184-1152). Their appearance is related to the demise of the Mediterranean Bronze Age system in the…
Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions: collection of Old Persian cuneiform texts from the sixth, fifth, and fourth centuries BCE, left by the Achaemenid kings on their official monuments.A3 Seals
A3 Seal a
By Artaxerxes.
A3 Seal b
I am the great king Artaxerxes.
Literature
Pierre Lecoq, Les inscriptions de la Perse…
Seleucia on the Tigris: one of the residences of the Seleucid Empire, modern Tell Umar, on the west bank of the Tigris. The city is not to be confused with the royal residence named Seleucia in Pieria, or the little…