Pharnaces II (Elamite Parnaka): satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia (c.430-c.422).
Achaemenid nobleman, late sixth/early fifth century BCE.
Pharnaces II was the son of…
Philadelphia: orginal capital of the Ammonites, city in the Ptolemaic Empire, one of the towns in the Decapolis, modern Amman (Jordan).Prehistory and Iron Age
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Phoenicians (Greek: Φοίνικες): Greek name of the inhabitants of the ancient cities of Aradus, Tripoli, Byblos, Berytus, Sidon, and Tyre. In the Iron Age, they founded colonies on Cyprus (Kition), on Sicily (Motya, Panormus), in Libya (Lepcis, Oea, Sabratha), in…
Ctesias was a Greek physician who stayed at the court of the Persian king Artaxerxes II Mnemon from 404 to 398/397. He wrote several books about Persia and India. They are now lost but were quoted by ancient authors; consequently,…
Phrygians: an ancient nation in western Turkey. Their capital was Gordium.Origin
Phrygian antefix
Compared to several other nations in Anatolia, the Phrygians…
The Persian coronation ceremony took place at Pasargadae. The Greek author Plutarch of Chaeronea (46-120) describes how this happened in his Life of king Artaxerxes, section 3.1. The ritual itself closely resembles a Babylonian ritual. The translation was made by…
Plutarch of Chaeronea (46-c.122): influential Greek philosopher and author, well known for his biographies and his moral treatises. His biography is here; his Life of Artaxerxes is the only biography not dedicated to a Greek or a Roman, but describes…
Plutarch of Chaeronea (46-c.122): influential Greek philosopher and author, well known for his biographies and his moral treatises. His biography is here; his Life of Artaxerxes is the only biography not dedicated to a Greek or a Roman, but describes…
Plutarch of Chaeronea (46-c.122): influential Greek philosopher and author, well known for his biographies and his moral treatises. His biography is here; his Life of Artaxerxes is the only biography not dedicated to a Greek or a Roman, but describes…