Livy, Periochae 51-55

Titus Livius or Livy (59 BCE - 17 CE): Roman historian, author of the authorized version of the history of the Roman republic.

A large part of Livy's History of Rome since the Foundation is now lost, but fortunately we have an excerpt, called the Periochae, which helps us reconstruct the general scope. This translation was made by Jona Lendering.

Chapter
51
52
53
54
55
Section
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

From Book 55

[55.1] [138] When the consuls Publius Cornelius Nasica (whose surname Serapio was invented by the irreverent tribune of the plebs Curiatius) and Decimus Junius Brutus were holding the levy, something happened in front of the recruits that served as an example:


[55.2] Gaius Matienus was accused before the tribunes because he had deserted the Spanish army, and was, after he had been condemned, sent under the yoke, chastised with rods, and sold for one sesterce.


[55.3] Because it was not permitted to the tribunes to select ten men that would be free from military service, they ordered that the consuls were imprisoned.


[55.4] In Hispania, consul Junius Brutus gave land and a town, called Valentia, to those who had fought under Virtiathus. 


[55.5] After the Senate had refused to sign a peace treaty, Marcus Popilius and his army were defeated and routed by the Numantines.


[55.6] [137] When consul Gaius Hostilius Manicius wanted to sacrifice, the chickens flew out of the coop, and when he boarded his ship to sail to Hispania, a voice was heard that said "Stay, Manicius!"


[55.7] This was a bad omen, as was shown by the events,


[55.8] for he was not only defeated but also expelled from his camp, and when he despaired of saving his army, he concluded an ignominious peace treaty, which the Senate refused to ratify. 


[55.9] Forty thousand Romans had been defeated by four thousand Numantines.


[55.10] By storming all its cities until he had reached the Ocean, Decimus Junius subdued Lusitania completely, and when his soldiers refused to cross the river Oblivion, he took the standard from its bearer, carried it across the water, and persuaded them to follow him.


[55.11] [Antiochus] the son of Alexander, the king of Syria, who was a mere ten years old, was killed by the treachery of his tutor Diodotus, surnamed "the magnificent". He had bribed the physicians, who said that the boy suffered severely from a stone, and killed him on the operation table.