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Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions

Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions: collection of Old Persian cuneiform texts from the sixth, fifth, and fourth centuries BCE, left by the Achaemenid kings on their official monuments.In ca.521, the Persian king Darius I the Great ordered that a new alphabet, which…

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Acts of the Scillitan Martyrs

Acts of the Scillitan Martyrs: brief Latin text, describing the trial of six Christian martyrs executed in 180 CE.The earliest Christian text in the Latin language appears to be little more than a court record. Six Christians from the unknown…

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Aelius Aristides' Defense of Oratory

In his Gorgias, the famous Athenian philosopher Plato (427-348 BCE) had attacked the study of oratory with several arguments, which all boiled down to the suspicion that capable rhetors were able to persuade people to bad behavior. More than five…

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Aeschines on Alexander

In the summer of 330, the Athenian politician Aeschines attacked his rival Demosthenes for the failure of the latter's anti-Macedonian policy. His speech is known as Against Ctesiphon. M.M. Austin has translated the sections 132-134.

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