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Cyrus Cylinder Translation

In the Cyrus Cylinder, a cuneiform tablet now in the British Museum, Cyrus describes how he had conquered Babylon (October 539 BCE). It is interesting because the Persian king presents himself to his new subjects as the perfect ruler, carefully…

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Daniel 11 in Context

Daniel 11: Jewish apocalyptic text about the Syrian Wars, waged between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid Empires. Although the text is cryptic, all events can be identified.Although the Biblical book of Daniel describes the visions of a prophet who is presented…

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Daniel on Nebuchadnezzar's madness

In October 539 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus took Babylon, the ancient capital of an oriental empire covering modern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. In a broader sense, Babylon was the ancient world's capital of scholarship and science. The subject…

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Daniel on the fourth beast

In about 165 BCE, an anonymous Jew composed the Biblical book of Daniel. Daniel was, in his view, a Jewish prophet who had lived at the Babylonian court and had had visions of the future. Two of these visions are…

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Demetrius of Phaleron on Alexander

The Greek philosopher Demetrius of Phaleron, like Alexander a pupil of Aristotle of Stagira, expresses the following thoughts on the death of the Macedonian king; they can be found in the World History of the Greek author Polybius of Megalopolis,…

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