Alexander's teacher Aristotle of Stagira wrote a short treatise On the cosmos, to Alexander. It was a brief treatise on several sciences, such as physics, meteorology, geography, theology. For more than a century, scholars have considered On the cosmos as…
In April 323, Alexander the Great entered Babylon. The Chaldaeans, i.e., the famous astrologers working in the Esagila temple complex, came with warnings that he would die if he entered the city without due precautions.
Arrian of Nicomedia describes this his…
In May 323, shortly before Alexander the Great left Babylon to conquer Arabia, a strange incident happened: a man of very humble origins sat down on Alexander's throne. The Greeks and Macedonians regarded this as a very evil omen.
However, the…
Arsaces II: Arsacid king of the Parni in Parthia (r.211-185), second king of the Parthian Empire.
Portrait of a Parthian
After Arsaces and his brother…
Arsaces III Phriapatius: Arsacid king of the Parni in Parthia (r.185-170), third king of the Parthian Empire.
Portrait of a Parthian
In the third quarter…
Arsaces IV: Arsacid king of the Parni in Parthia (r.170-168), fourth king of the Parthian Empire.Arsaces IV appears to have been the son of Arsaces II, who became king of the Parni in Parthia after Arsaces III Phriapatius: In these years, the…
Arsaces: king of Armenia (r. 34-36 CE), first ruler from the Arsacid dynasty.After the reign of Artaxias III Zeno, a Pontic prince who had been made king of Armenia in 18 CE by the Roman prince Germanicus, the Parthian king…