Nineveh (Assyrian: Ninua): last capital of the Assyrian Empire, destroyed in 612 BCE, modern Mosul.Early History
Early Ninevite Pottery
Nineveh, the last capital of Assyria,…
Nippur: ancient Sumerian city, sanctuary of Enlil, modern Nuffar.Nippur
Nippur, Temple platform
Founded in the Chalcolithic
Sumerian, famous for its sanctuary of the…
Nisibis (Greek Νίσιβις; modern Nusaybin): ancient town in Mesopotamia, famous for its late-Roman school.Early History
Nisibis, Church of Mar Jacob
Situated along…
Opis (Akkadian Upî or Upija): ancient Babylonian city on the Tigris, not far from modern Baghdad.Site
The precise location of Opis has not been established, but from the Akkadian and Greek texts, it is clear that it was situated on the…
Orodes III: Arsacid king of the Parthian Empire (r.c.6-c.8).
Orodes III
Shortly after the violent death of king Phraataces, the Parthian nobility elected…
Orontes II (Greek: ᾽Ορόντης, ᾽Ορόντας, or ᾽Αροάνδης): satrap of Armenia (c.330 - c.315 BCE).
Achaemenid rhyton from the palace at Erebuni
Although Orontes II is not…
Orontes III or Ardoates: Orontid king of Armenia (c.280 BCE).The origins of Armenian independence are poorly understood, but it seems that when Alexander the Great sent an army, commanded by Mithrenes, to gain control of Armenia (331 BCE),note[Arrian, Anabasis 3.16.5.] the satrap appointed…
Orontes IV: Orontid king of Armenia (c.220-c.200 BCE).In the section of the Geography that is devoted to Armenia, the Graeco-Roman geographer Strabo of Amasia offers a very brief history of this country. It had once been part of the Persian Empire, had…