Illyrians (Greek Ἰλλυρίοι): the name the ancient Greeks and Romans gave to the various tribes and states in the general area of Albania and former Yugoslavia.Name
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Imperator ("commander"): Roman title, awarded to victorious commanders and emperors. The Greek equivalent is strategos autokrator.Iberian origin?
The Roman word imperator simply means "commander" or "general" and is the equivalent of Greek strategos. However, the expression had a second, more specific…
Indo-Europeans: general name for the people speaking an Indo-European language. They are (linguistic) descendants of the people of the Yamnaya culture (c.3600-2300 BCE) in Ukraine and southern Russia, and settled in the area from Western Europe to India in various migrations in…
Intaphrenes (Old Persian Vindafranâ): Persian courtier and general. Intaphrenes was one of the seven conspirators who killed the Magian usurper Gaumâta and helped Darius I the Great become king (September 522 BCE).
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In 421, the Archidamian War, which had lasted ten years, came to an end. Sparta had tried to defeat Athens and liberate the Greek towns belonging to the Athenian empire, but had miserably failed. In the six years following the…
Iol Caesarea: Phoenician colony, Numidian city, capital of the Roman province Mauretania Caesariensis, modern Cherchell.Iol Caesarea
Juba II
c.400 BCE: founded as…
The battle of Ipsus (301 BCE): Main battle of the Fourth Diadoch war. Antigonus the One-Eyed and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes were defeated by Lysimachus, Cassander, and Seleucus I Nicator.Prelude
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In October 539 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus took Babylon, the ancient capital of an oriental empire covering modern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. In a broader sense, Babylon was the ancient world's capital of scholarship and science. The subject…
Kingdom of Israel: the northern of the two Jewish states after the kingdom of Solomon was divided. Israel was a regional superpower, but unable to retain its independence in the face of Assyrian imperialism. The name "Israel" survived as the…
Battle of Issus (5 or 6 November 333 BCE): famous battle during the war between Macedonia and the Persian Empire. The Macedonian king Alexander the Great defeated Darius III Codomannus, won Phoenicia and Egypt, and destroyed the Persian army.Context
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