Terminus ante quem and terminus post quem: two expressions to indicate a relative chronology.Terminus ante quem simply means "moment before which X happened" and terminus post quem means "moment after which X happened". For example, if we know that the…
Battle in the Teutoburg Forest (Latin Saltus Teutoburgiensis): the defeat of the Roman commander Publius Quintilius Varus against the Germanic tribesmen of the Cheruscian leader Arminius in 9 CE. In this battle, three legions (XVII, XVIII, XIX) were annihilated.Introduction
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The first author to describe the Low Countries was Pytheas of Massilia, who passed along the coast of Flanders and Holland in his way to the amber island Helgoland in c.325 BCE. He noted that in these regions, more people…