Livy, Periochae 76-80
Titus Livius or Livy (59 BCE - 17 CE): Roman historian, author of the authorized version of the history of the Roman republic.
A large part of Livy's History of Rome since the Foundation is now lost, but fortunately we have an excerpt, called the Periochae, which helps us reconstruct the general scope. This translation was made by Jona Lendering.
From Book 80 |
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[80.1] Citizenship was given to the Italian nations by the Senate. |
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[80.2] The Samnites, the only ones to take up arms again, sided with Cinna and Marius. |
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[80.3] They defeated deputy Plautius and his army. |
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[80.4] Cinna and Marius, together with Carbo and Sertorius, attacked the Janiculum, but were routed by consul Octavius and retreated. |
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[80.5] Marius captured the colonies at Antium and Aricia and Lanuvium. |
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[80.6] When, because of the slowness and perfidy of both their leaders and their soldiers (who were bribed and did not want to fight or moved to other regions), the optimates had lost all hope of holding out, Cinna and Marius were received in the city, which they treated with murder and rape as if it were conquered. Consul Gnaeus Octavius was killed and all noble members of the opposite party butchered, like Marcus Antonius (a man of great eloquence), and Gaius and Lucius Caesar, whose heads were placed on the speaker's platform |
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[80.7] The younger Crassus was killed by the knights of Fimbria, and the elder Crassus, wishing to avoid a fate unworthy of his dignity, stabbed himself with his sword. |
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[80.8] And without even the appearance of election, they [Cinna and Marius] appointed themselves consuls for the next year. |
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[80.9] [86] On the very day of the beginning of his magistracy, Marius ordered that the senator Sextus Licinius was to be thrown from the rock.note After many crimes, Marius died on the Ides of January. When we take everything into account, he had been a man about whom it was not easy to say whether he was more excellent in times of war than he was dangerous in times of peace. |
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[80.10] It can therefore be said that as much as he saved the state as a soldier, so much he damaged it as a citizen - first by his tricks, later by his revolutionary actions. |