Achaean League (Greek: Κοινὸν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν): confederation of Greek city states, focused on but not limited to the northern Peloponnese. It was important in the third and early second centuries BCE.
…
Aetolian League (Greek: Κοινὸν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν): confederation of Greek city states, focused on but not limited to western Greece. It was important in the third and early second centuries BCE.
…
Armenia (Akkadian Uraštu; Old Persian Armina): ancient kingdom, situated along the river Araxes (modern Aras), the Upper Tigris and the Upper Euphrates.
For the early history of Armenia, see Urartu.Achaemenid Armenia
…
Armenia: ancient kingdom, situated along the river Araxes (modern Aras), the Upper Tigris and the Upper Euphrates.
For the early history of Armenia, see Urartu.Armenia between Rome and Parthia
From now on, Armenia was one of the battlegrounds between the Romans and…
The Babylonian Empire was the most powerful state in the ancient world after the fall of the Assyrian empire (612 BCE). Its capital Babylon was beautifully adorned by king Nebuchadnezzar, who erected several famous buildings. Even after the Babylonian Empire…
Byzantine Empire: the continuation of the Roman Empire in the Greek-speaking, eastern part of the Mediterranean. Christian in nature, it was perennially at war with the Muslims. It flourished during the reign of the Macedonian emperors; its demise was the consequence of…
Carthage (Phoenician Kart hadašt, "new city"): important ancient city, close to modern Tunis.Empire
Tanit on a Carthaginian coin
No doubt, the Carthaginian…
Dacia: country north of the Lower Danube, more or less identical to modern Romania. It experienced influences from the Thracians, Scythians, Greeks, and Celts and became a powerful kingdom (below), added as a province to the Roman Empire, abandoned to…
Franks (Latin: Franci): tribal federation on the north and east bank of the Lower Rhine, which created a late antique kingdom in France.Chlodovech/Clovis
Frankish…