Arachosia (Old-Persian: Harauvatiš, "well watered"): satrapy of the Achaemenid empire (Kandahâr in modern Afghanistan) along the Tarnak river. The country is part of the road from the west of Iran across the mountains to the Indus valley.
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Assyria (mât Aššur): ancient name for the northeastern part of modern Iraq, situated on the east bank of the Tigris. It is also the name of one of the greatest empires of Antiquity. Assyria was overthrown in 612 BCE by…
Babylonia is the Greek name of what the inhabitants knew as Mât Akkadî, the fertile alluvial plain between the Euphrates and Tigris. This was the heartland of the Babylonian Empire, which dominated the ancient Near East between the fall of…
Bactria (Old Persian: Bâkhtriš): country in northern Afghanistan, in Antiquity famous for its fierce warriors and its ancient religion, which was founded by the prophet Zarathustra.Prehistory
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Cappadocia: ancient name for the country between the rivers Halys and Euphrates, today central Turkey.Country
Cappadocia's famous rocks
Cappadocia is defined as…
Cilicia: ancient name of what is now southern Turkey. The Persian king Cyrus the Great conquered this country, and after the fall of the Achaemenid empire, Cilicia belonged to the Seleucid and Roman Empires. It was well-known for its iron…
Drangiana (Old Persian Zranka, "waterland"): satrapy of the ancient Achaemenid Empire (Sistan in modern Iran). The country is a dusty and often stormy desert with sandy dunes, but there are fertile plains along the river Etymandrus, modern Helmand Rûd.
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Gandara (Old Persian Gandâra): name of a satrapy of the ancient Achaemenid Empire, roughly equivalent to the valley of the river Cophen (modern Kabul). The Greeks called the western part this region Parapamisos, which may be derived from the old…
Gedrosia: part of the ancient Achaemenid empire, modern Balûchestân in Iran.Gedrosia is a dry, mountainous country along the northwestern shores of the Indian Ocean. It was occupied in the Bronze age by people who settled in the few oases in…