Pakistan
There are 186 items in Pakistan:
Acesines (Chenab)
Acesines: one of the main rivers in the Punjab, modern Chenab. The Chenab between Guhrat and Sialkot (1) The river that the…Alexandria on the Acesines
Alexandria: city in the southern Punjab, modern Uch. The river Chenab, directly south of Uch In 325, Alexander the Great founded one…Aornus (326 BCE)
Aornus (Old Indian Āvárana, "hiding place"): giant fortress near the Indus, captured by Alexander the Great. The Indus and the Aornus, seen…
The Indus and the Aornus, seen from the north |
The Indus and the Aornus from the southeast |
Arrian on Alexander's courtiers
In his Indikê, Arrian of Nicomedia describes the seaborne return of the army of Alexander. His source is the Indikê of admiral Nearchus. One of the most important sections is the catalogue of trierarchs in chapter 18. The trierarchs were…Arrian on Nearchus' voyage home
When Alexander returned from India, the greater part of his army was shipped to Babylonia by Nearchus, a youth friend of Alexander who served as his fleet commander. After Alexander's death, Nearchus wrote a book on his adventures, the Indikê.…Arrian on the Gedrosian desert
In the autumn of 325, Alexander led his men through the Gedrosian desert. Many people died, although we must assume that not the soldiers, but the women, merchants and animals in the train were the main victims. The following description…Arrian on the Indian sages
In India, Alexander the Great (or his representative Onesicritus) had an interview with the Brahman sages, who lived near Taxila. One of these people, a man named Calanus (Indian Kalyana), followed the conqueror to the west, where he died. The…Arrian on the myth of Nysa
In 327/326, Alexander invaded the Indus valley, where he discovered in Gandara a town called Nysa that was dedicated to the god Dionysus. (Probably, this was the Indian god Shiva. The mountain Meru mentioned below was the center of the…Ashoka's Rock Edicts
After the Mauryan emperor Ashoka (269-232), or Piyadasi, had conquered almost the entire Indian subcontinent, he was sick of all violence (below), converted to Buddhism and adopted a more pacifist world view. On several places in India and Pakistan (and…
Athena from Gandara |